Simony

Simony, the buying or selling of spiritual things, specifically the spiritual goods administered by the Christian Church. The word is derived from the biblical sorcerer Simon Magus, who attempted to buy spiritual powers from the apostle Peter (see Acts 8:18-24), and is taken to denote illicit sale of a holy office, function, ceremony, or item.

Simony was a problem in the Christian Church from the time of the Edict of Milan (313), when the Church began to accumulate wealth and power, until modern times. This is evident from the frequent legislation against it. In 451, the Council of Chalcedon proscribed ordination for money; this prohibition was reaffirmed by the Third Lateran Council in 1179 and by the Council of Trent (1545-1563). Simony was rampant from the 9th to the 11th century. During that period simony pervaded Church life on every level, from the lower clergy to the papacy. At the time of the Reformation, major abuses centred on the sale of indulgences and relics.

Ecclesiastical law forbids simony and condemns it as a sinful practice that bespeaks a shallow understanding of spiritual values. Prohibited are all monetary transactions surrounding blessed or consecrated religious objects, prayers and masses (excluding ecclesiastically authorized offerings for the support of the clergy), and Church offices and promotions.