Perth

Perth, burgh in Perth and Kinross, eastern Scotland, on the River Tay. Perth is the commercial centre of a fertile agricultural region, known for its soft fruit, especially raspberries; it is also the site of important cattle markets. Industries include printing and dye works and the production of whisky, beer, linen goods, and glass. The most famous landmark is the church of St John the Baptist (largely 15th century), where the Protestant reformer John Knox preached his famous sermon against idolatry in 1559. Also here are St Ninian's Episcopal Cathedral (19th century), and a museum and art gallery. Perth is known as the ancient capital of Scotland, a status it held until James I, king of Scotland, was murdered there in 1437. In 1298 Perth was captured and fortified by Edward I, king of England. It was retaken in 1311 by Robert Bruce. The town was again held by the English from 1335 to 1339. Perth's port, an important harbour during the Middle Ages, is now of relatively minor significance. Population (1991) 41,453.