India: Facts and Figures - Facts and Figures

Official name

Republic of India

Capital

New Delhi

Area

3,165,596 sq km

1,222,243 sq mi

Administrative divisions (population)

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

356,265 (2001)

Andhra Pradesh

75,727,541 (2001)

Arunachal Pradesh

1,091,117 (2001)

Assam

26,638,407 (2001)

Bihar

82,878,796 (2001)

Chandigarh

900,914 (2001)

Chhattisgarh

20,795,956 (2001)

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

220,451 (2001)

Daman and Diu

158,059 (2001)

Delhi

13,782,976 (2001)

Goa

1,343,998 (2001)

Gujarat

50,596,992 (2001)

Haryana

21,082,989 (2001)

Himachal Pradesh

6,077,248 (2001)

Jammu and Kashmir (state)

10,069,917 (2001)

Jharkhand

26,909,428 (2001)

Karnataka

52,733,958 (2001)

Kerala

31,838,619 (2001)

Lakshadweep

60,595 (2001)

Madhya Pradesh

60,385,118 (2001)

Maharashtra

96,752,247 (2001)

Manipur

2,388,634 (2001)

Meghalaya

2,306,069 (2001)

Mizoram

891,058 (2001)

Nagaland

1,988,636 (2001)

Orissa

36,706,920 (2001)

Puducherry

973,829 (2001)

Punjab

24,289,296 (2001)

Rajasthan

56,473,122 (2001)

Sikkim

540,493 (2001)

Tamil Nadu

62,110,839 (2001)

Tripura

3,191,168 (2001)

Uttaranchal

8,479,562 (2001)

Uttar Pradesh

166,052,859 (2001)

West Bengal

80,221,171 (2001)

Largest cities (population)

Kolkata

13,216,546 (2001)

Delhi

12,791,458 (2001)

Mumbai (Bombay)

11,914,398 (2001)

Chennai (Madras)

6,424,624 (2001)

Bangalore

5,686,844 (2001)

Hyderabad

5,533,640 (2001)

Ahmadabad

4,519,278 (2001)

Pune

3,755,525 (2001)

Surat

2,811,466 (2001)

Kanpur

2,690,486 (2001)

Jaipur

2,324,319 (2001)

Lucknow

2,266,933 (2001)

Nagpur

2,122,965 (2001)

Indore

1,639,044 (2001)

Vadodara

1,492,398 (2001)

Bhopal

1,454,830 (2001)

Cochin

1,355,406 (2001)

New Delhi

179,112 (2001)

Population

1,147,995,900 (2008 estimate)

Population growth rate

1.58 per cent (2008 estimate)

Population density

386 persons per sq km (2008 estimate)

1,000 persons per sq mi (2008 estimate)

Urbanization

Per cent urban

29 per cent (2005 estimate)

Per cent rural

71 per cent (2005 estimate)

Life expectancy

Total

69.2 years (2008 estimate)

Female

71.9 years (2008 estimate)

Male

66.9 years (2008 estimate)

Infant mortality rate

32 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate)

Literacy rate

Total

56.6 per cent (2005 estimate)

Female

43 per cent (2005 estimate)

Male

69.5 per cent (2005 estimate)

Ethnic divisions

Indo-Aryan

72 per cent

Dravidian

25 per cent

Other

3 per cent

Languages

There are 24 languages each spoken by at least 1 million people, and hundreds of other languages. Hindi is an official national language along with English and is the most widely spoken of all the languages in India. English has associate status as the official working language and is important for national, political, and commercial matters. There are 21 official regional languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Meitei, Nepali, Oriya, Eastern Panjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.

Religions

Hindu

80.5 per cent

Muslim

13.4 per cent

Christian

2.3 per cent

Sikh

1.9 per cent

Buddhist

0.8 per cent

Nonreligious

1.7 per cent

Other

0.4 per cent

Type of government

Federal republic

Independence

August 15, 1947 (from the United Kingdom)

Constitution

January 26, 1950; amended 1975, 1986, 1992, 2000, 2002, and 2003

Voting rights

Universal at age 18

Gross domestic product (GDP) (US$)

911,813 million (2006)

GDP per capita (US$)

821.60 (2006)

GDP by economic sector

GDP, agriculture

17.5 per cent (2006)

GDP, industry

27.9 per cent (2006)

GDP, services

54.6 per cent (2006)

National budget (US$)

Total revenue

115,607 million (2006)

Total expenditure

137,161 million (2006)

Monetary unit

1 Indian rupee (Re), consisting of 100 paise

Exports

Clothing, gems and jewellery, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactured goods, cotton yarn, fabric

Imports

Crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

Major trading partners for exports

United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Hong Kong SAR, United Arab Emirates, Belgium

Major trading partners for imports

United States, Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Belgium, Kuwait, Russia

Industries

Textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery

Agriculture

Principal crops: rice, wheat, oilseeds, cotton, jute, tea, sugar cane, potatoes; livestock: cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry

Natural resources

Coal (one of the largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone

Basic Facts and People sections

Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org).

Health and Education section

Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org).

Government section

Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data are from Military Balance.

Economy section

Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the latest Europa World Yearbook and various International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications.

Energy, Communication, and Transportation section

Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org).

Note

Figures may not total 100 per cent due to rounding.