Frederick I

The Lombard League was an alliance of Italian cities against the territorial claims of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, known as Barbarossa (Red Beard) and seen here with his sons in a 12th-century illumination (Landesbibliothek, Fulda, Germany).

Bridgeman/Art Resource, NYArt Resource/Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York

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Lombard League

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